Research objective is revealing and the analysis of key factors of Siberia economy development in a context of their historical formation. It allows to estimate prospects and possibilities of the Siberian regions from the point of view of the balanced and long-term economic growth. As empirical base data of Omsk area were used. Research construction was based on use of methods of theoretical research, and also historical and economic-statistical methods. There are conclusions that regulated factors were key sources of economic growth of Siberia always (system measures of the state in sphere of the migratory policy, supported with real financial possibilities), showing the high productivity against a number of casual factors (favorable resursno-climatic conditions, a successful geopolitical site, a safe world conjuncture). In research practical recommendations are offered for giving region economic system of additional possibilities of economic growth.