Sustainable economic development is an important objective for EU Member States, given the need to balance economic growth with environmental protection and social equity. We aim to analyze the impact of economic and social factors on sustainable economic development in five EU Member States in Central and Eastern Europe: Romania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Czech Republic. The methods used consist of literature review, database consolidation and econometric modeling to assess the impact of economic and social factors on sustainable economic development in the five EU countries. At the same time, public policies for economic development will be formulated, mainly aimed at integrating young people into the labor market and promoting innovation, all of which are essential for achieving sustainable economic development in the region.